The perforated completion is by far the most popular method of completing a well. It requires a good cementing job and the proper perforating method. Perforating is the process of piercing the casing wall and the cement behind it to provide openings through which formation fluids may enter the borehole.
Perforating charge
A perforating gun is the tool that makes these openings. The completion crew lowers the long cylindrical gun down the production casing or liner until it is opposite the reservoir zone. The perforator carries several bullets or special explosive charges called shaped charges that are aimed at the walls of the casing or liner. The shaped charges or bullets shoot smooth, round holes in the casing or liner and penetrate the rock as well.